NANTWICH, a town, a township, a parish, a sub-district, a district, and a hundred, in Cheshire. The town stands on the river Weaver, the Grand Junction canal, and the Crewe and Shrewsbury railway, at the junction of the Nantwich and Market-Drayton railway, 4 ¼ miles SW by W of Crewe. Its name is derived from the “nant” or vale of the Weaver, and from the Saxon word “wich,” signifying “a salt town;” was temporarily changed into Wich-Malbanc, after William de Mal-banc, who once held the manor; and has frequently been written Namptwich. Salt-works, which gave rise to the name, drew their supplies from brine-pits or brine-springs, and were early and long of great importance. The brine-pits, in the time of Henry III., were closed by the king’s command, in order to distress the Welsh, who carried on a great traffic hence in salt; but, on the return of peace, they were re-opened; and they continued, for many years, to be a main and increasing source of employment and sustenance to the inhabitants. So many as 400 salt-works were here when Leland wrote, in the time of Henry VIII.; they were reduced to 216, some belonging to the Crown, some to the Earl of Derby, and some to local proprietors, in the early part of the time of Elizabeth; they were further reduced to about 108, in consequence of the discovery of better brine-pits in other parts of the Weavers’ vale, in the year 1624; and they gradually declined thence till at last they became extinct.
Click to read more ...